Jim Corbett National Park is located in Ramnagar, Nainital district of Uttarakhand. As we know the country's first national park, it was created in 1936 during the British Raj and given the name Hailey National Park in honour of William Malcolm Hailey, the United Provinces' governor at the time. It was renamed Corbett National Park in 1956, over ten years after India gained independence, in honour of the hunter and naturalist Jim Corbett, who had been instrumental in its founding and had passed away the year before. The Project Tiger initiative's original location was the park.
Corbett National Park is comprisesof hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, grasslands, and a sizable lake. The elevation ranges from 1,300 to 4,000 ft (400 to 1,220 m). While the days are bright and beautiful in winter, the evenings are chilly. The rainy season start From July and end in September,. The park exhibits geological and ecological aspects of the sub-Himalayan belt. Sal, haldu, peepal, rohini, and mango trees make up the majority of the dense damp deciduous forest. Nearly 72% of the park is covered in forest, and 10% is made up of meadows. Around 112 tree species, 52 animal species, 581 bird species, and 24 reptile species are found there.
A portion of the park was previously a part of the Tehri Garhwal princely state. To reduce the area's susceptibility to Rohilla invasion, the Environment and Forest Department (Uttarakhand) removed the forests. The Raja of Tehri formally ceded a part of his princely state to the East India Company in return for their assistance in ousting the Gurkhas from his domain. The Buksas—a tribe from the Terai—settled on the land and began growing crops, but in the early 1860s they were evicted with the advent of British rule.
Under Major Ramsay, the British officer in charge of the area at the time, efforts to save the region's woods got underway in the 19th century. The British Forest Department took jurisdiction over the land and forbade cultivation and the operation of cattle stations in 1868, marking the beginning of the first phase of the area's preservation. These forests were established as a reserve forest in 1879, with limited felling allowed.
The Corbett National Park has 488 distinct plant species that have been identified. The Anogeissus-Acacia catechu forests have the lowest tree density inside the reserve while the Sal forests have the highest. Total tree basal cover is greater in Sal dominated areas of woody vegetation.
More than 586 species of resident and migratory birds have been categorised, including the crested serpent eagle, blossom-headed parakeet and the red junglefowl — ancestor of all domestic fowl. 33 species of reptiles, seven species of amphibians, seven species of fish and 36 species of dragonflies have also been recorded.
Tigers, although plentiful, are not easily spotted due to the abundance of foliage - camouflage - in the color.Thick jungle, the Ramganga and Kosi river and Forest make this reserve an ideal habitat for tigers who are opportunistic feeders and prey upon a range of animals. The tigers in the park have been known to kill much larger animals such as buffalo and even elephant for food.The tigers prey upon the larger animals in rare cases of food shortage.
Leopards are found in hilly areas but may also venture into the low land jungles.Small cats in the park include the jungle cat, fishing cat and leopard cat. Other mammals include barking deer, sambar deer, hog deer and chital, sloth and Himalayan black bears, Indian grey mongoose, otters, yellow-throated martens, Himalayan goral, Indian pangolins, and langur and rhesus macaques. Owls and nightjars can be heard during the night.
In the summer, Indian elephants can be seen in herds of several hundred.The Indian python found in the reserve is a dangerous species, capable of killing a chital deer. Local crocodiles and gharials were saved from extinction by captive breeding programs that subsequently released crocodiles into the Ramganga river.
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